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Search Results
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ILLEGAL UNDERINSURANCE AND CONTRA PROFERENTEM INTERPRETATION OF THE INSURANCE CONTRACT
This decision of the Corte de Apelaciones de Coyhaique is relevant from two points of view: on the one hand, it determines that the “replacement value” of the insured thing instead of its real value cannot be agreed as a parameter to determine a situation of underinsurance and the application of the Proportional Rule, as this would infringe the meaning of the mandatory rule of art. 553 of the Chilean Commercial Code. On the other hand, it constitutes an opportunity to appreciate a situation of incompatibility of clauses, a field of application of the rule of contractual interpretation contra proferentem. In both cases, the court considers the protection of the insured as paramount in determining the meaning of insurance law.
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LINKAGE BETWEEN THE INJURED PARTY AND THE INSURER, BASIS AND REGIME: A PRIVATE LAW ISSUE
With Insurance Law reform, came the discussion about incorporation of direct action against insurer in non-compulsory liability insurance in Chile. The points of view were polarized in positions for and against, but a great part of the debate run from a distributive justice perspective. This work seeks to demonstrate that the reasons for linking the third party injured to the insurer, are reasons that respond to Private Law, that is to say, corrective justice reasons. The former gives parameters for the analysis of mechanisms that modify the privity of liability insurance contract. Likewise, it allows to understand more precisely which is the dogmatic meaning of the third party injured’s action to collect which, in the end, was incorporated in the national legislation, as it locates it as an option between two possible extremes (absolute privity or direct action). The understanding of the collect action recognized in national legislation in the context of other options, facilitates the labor of constructing its legal regime and, in particular, the exceptions system.
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INSURABLE LIABILITY UNDER CHILEAN LAW
This paper is aimed at reviewing synthetically the kinds of liability which can be insured in domestic law, thereby outlining a concept of “insurable risk” for this particular form of insurance. For this purpose, the first section expounds the types of liability which are not insurable or which are generally excluded from the most commonly used policies (fines, contractual obligations, penal clauses, and liability for breach of contract under certain circumstances). The second part contains a detailed analysis of the forms of tort liability which can be insured in Chile (for own deeds, for another’s acts, for the facts of things, and strict liability).
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EL DERECHO A LA INDEMNIZACIÓN POR MUERTE DE LAS PAREJAS ESTABLES EN LOS ACCIDENTES DE CIRCULACIÓN
Los accidentes de circulación provocan anualmente muchas muertes y dejan víctimas con derecho a percibir una indemnización. De no ser porque estos accidentes están cubiertos por un seguro de responsabilidad civil de carácter obligatorio, se aplicarían las reglas generales que, en materia de responsabilidad extracontractual, han ido perfilando los tribunales de justicia, hacia la teoría de las indemnizaciones ex iure proprio. Pero el legislador ha considerado necesario controlar el excesivo importe de las indemnizaciones para abaratar los costos del seguro obligatorio y lo ha hecho mediante un insólito sistema: el establecimiento de un baremo vinculante que tasa no sólo las cuantías de las indemnizaciones sino, también, las personas con derecho a ser indemnizados. Estos “perjudicados tabulares” distan de constituir un conjunto claro y preciso de personas, sobre todo si tenemos en cuenta la vertiginosa evolución que, en España, ha sufrido la palabra ‘cónyuge’, después de las reformas del matrimonio por leyes 13/2005 y 15/2005, así como por el nuevo régimen autonómico de las parejas no casadas. En este trabajo hemos expuesto someramente el estado de estas cuestiones en el Derecho español, en sus tres vertientes implicadas en el problema: el Derecho de Daños, el Derecho de Seguros, y el Derecho de Familia.
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SURVEILLANCE OF THE INSURANCE ACTIVITY AND CONSUMER PROTECTION
This work analyzes the legal status of consumers in relation to the supervision of the insurance activity, both in its economic dimension and in that concerning the protection of consumers of insurance. This paper makes a synthesis of the rules related to the economic protection of the insured parties, and then focuses on the central topic of this paper, namely the protection of the insured party or consumer of insurances.