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Abusividad por falta de transparencia, nulidad de cláusulas no incorporadas e improcedencia de responsabilidad infraccional. 17° Juzgado de Letras en lo Civil de Santiago, 27 de enero de 2017, rol n.° 15092-2015. Corte de Apelaciones de Santiago, 7 de septiembre de 2018, rol n.° 8261-2017. Corte Suprema, 27 de diciembre de 2019, rol n.° 114-20191
A fin de concretar la venta de unidades de diversos proyectos inmobiliarios, Constructora Santa Beatriz S.A., a partir de 2002, desarrolló un modelo de contratación que, desde la perspectiva de cada consumidor interesado, comprendía la celebración de tres contratos diferentes: un contrato de reserva, uno de promesa de compraventa y uno de compraventa. De acuerdo con el modelo mencionado, el “proceso de compraventa de un departamento en modalidad verde” comenzaba por la celebración de un contrato de reserva, en cuya virtud el consumidor vinculado debía entregar en el mismo acto una suma de diez unidades de fomento, debiendo la inmobiliaria abstenerse de ofrecer en el mercado el departamento reservado por un plazo de quince días corridos. Una vez realizada la reserva y dentro de los quince días siguientes, el consumidor podía optar por desistirse del proceso de compra –siéndole restituidas las respectivas diez unidades de fomento–, o persistir en el mismo. En este último caso, la inmobiliaria lo citaba para la suscripción de un contrato de promesa, obligándose el consumidor a celebrar la compraventa prometida dentro del plazo establecido en la promesa, siempre que se hubieran cumplido las condiciones impuestas por la inmobiliaria. (...)
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THE SCOPE OF SAFETY DUTIES’ BREACH IN MASS EVENTS: A VIEW FROM CONSUMER LAW
This paper aims to delve into the scope of safety duties’ breach by mass events organizers. Considering that massive shows’ trend is becoming more common in Chile and they represent a source of potential risk for attendees, this research analyzes mass events from a consumer law perspective. While being a topic omitted by Chilean doctrine, this paper focuses on the relationship between mass events and the consumer protection law, pointing out the specifications related to mass events’ safety duties. Furthermore, this article put the emphasis on the actors involved (legal and material consumer as well as the intermediary and real supplier) and the contract which confirms this relationship. The breach of safety duties’ scope gains importance when analyzing the diverse liabilities depending on the type of supplier. Finally, the means of exoneration for suppliers are exposed.
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Property quality and consumer safety
The present commentary analyses the case Servicio Nacional del Consumidor con Inmobiliaria Francisco de Aguirre Limitada, in particular the judgments of the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court on the occasion of the hearing of an appeal and, later, cassation on the merits; which dealt with the scope of application of Law No. 19,496 on the Protection of Consumer Rights. To this end, and after briefly summarizing the facts, we will explain the legal problem posed by the concepts of quality and safety and their relationship with the applicable regulations. In turn, we will present the arguments of the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court in this regard, with special consideration of the dissenting vote of the Member Attorney Ms. Chaimovich on distinguishing the rights of safety from the quality of housing within the consumer relationship. With this, we intend to achieve an adequate understanding of the matters excluded from the law and the distinction between the rights it protects.
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BASES FOR A CHILEAN LAW OF UNJUSTIFIED ENRICHMENT, TOWARDS THE ABANDONMENT OF A UNITARY APPROACH
This article, after formulating a general critique of the prevailing approach in the national doctrine regarding unjustified enrichment, makes a schematic reconstruction of the Law of unjustified enrichment and presents a typology of cases that give or should give rise to restitution actions. Several archetypal cases of unjustified enrichment are identified and the differences of the corresponding actions are exposed with regard to their functions, requirements and restitution measures. After outlining the legal regime that the Chilean Civil Code associates with each archetypal case, it is proposed that the non-regulated cases be assimilated to those that are, in order to apply the most appropriate rules to them. Finally, it is proposed to abandon the unitary approach that has prevailed in the national doctrine and move towards a study of the particularities of the archetypal cases of unjustified enrichment, so that the unregulated cases are assimilated to those that are, applying to those the rules that are most appropriate.
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THE PROTECTION OF THE DIGNITY OF THE CONSUMER IN THE BILL “SERNAC PROTECTS YOU”
The text analyzes the project known as “Sernac te protege” in the part that refers to the protection of the dignity of the consumer. The technique used consists of incorporating into the standard that regulates security and surveillance systems, a positive duty and another of abstention related to dignified treatment. Additionally, it adds the statement that the category of vulnerable consumer could serve as an element of adaptation of the indicated imperatives. The tenor of the subsections that are intended to be incorporated hints at the drafter’s intention to grant broad validity to the imperatives it contains. However, the location chosen, as well as some expressions used in the configuration of the rules, could put this breadth at risk.
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LAW Nº 21334, ON DETERMINATION OF THE ORDER OF SURNAMES
The paper describes the content, structure and purposes of the recent law that allows modifying the order of surnames, either by administrative means (Civil Registry) or through the judicial procedure for changing names. Some critical comments are made as a tentative conclusion.