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A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH BETWEEN THE DAMAGE AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE DIES A QUO OF THE STATUTE OF LIMITATION IN THE TORTS DAMAGE ACTION. A NECESSARY PROPOSAL REGARDING OF ARTICLE 2235 OF THE ECUADORIAN CIVIL CODE
In Ecuadorian Law, article 2235 of the Civil Code offers an answer regarding the accounting for the statute of limitations in the action for torts. However, the rule generates a discussion when certain cases are not covered or protected by the classical interpretation. The foundational interpretative rule understands that the calculation of the prescription must be from the verification of the wrongful act, understanding that the act has been perpetrated there. Nevertheless, this provision does not contemplate all types of damage, specifically hidden damage, and continued damage. This generates a conflict between the rule of the Torts Law that all damages must be compensated against the security in the legal relationships that the Statute of limitation seeks. Therefore, it is necessary to delimit the concept of compensable damage to understand and know how these types of damages have been conceived according to their consummation in time from an Ecuadorian conception. Accordingly, it will be possible to analyze the statute of limitation and how it has acted in case law and comparative law. In which, there is already a solution that determines the beginning of the statute of limitation in each case of hidden damage and continuing damage. In this way, a current solution will be proposed for the calculation of the statute of limitation in Ecuador.
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The air transport contract and the emergency by COVID-19: the chilean aeronautical statute front the cancellation of flights by force majeure and the reactivation of post-pandemic air traffic
The Coronavirus health emergency has paralyzed or slowed down an important part of economic activities, including passenger air transport, causing the cancellation of flights, which translates into a case of contractual breach of the carrier against the passenger. In order to address what response is followed by our legislation against a cancellation due to a force majeure –assuming that the pandemic by COVID-19 is one–, this paper pretends, first of all, resolve the issue regarding the regulations applicable to the air transport contract. Later, the general hypotheses of non-performance of the air transport contract by non-execution of the trip in the agreed terms, and what rights does the passenger have against said non-compliance. Next, the options of the passenger facing a flight canceled by force majeure, and the effects that the latter produces in the contract are discussed. Finally, are analyzed the duties and obligations of the air carrier once the activity has been reactivated, and the liability that it bears for an eventual contagion.
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SOME PRECISIONS REGARDING THE DEFENSE OF THE GENERAL AND DIFFUSED INTERESTS OF CONSUMERS AND USERS
This paper analyzes the ruling handed down by the Court of Appeals of Santiago on October 2, 2019, in case role No. 2086-2018, entitled “National Consumer Service with Banco de Chile”, referring to the determination of jurisdiction to hear actions brought to ensure the general interests of consumers, as distinguished from supraindividual interests and their protection mechanisms.
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MANUFACTURER VS. SELLER LIABILITY UNDER ARTICLE 23 OF THE CONSUMER RIGHTS PROTECTION LAW
This paper will examine the current state of the system of product liability in Chile. In absence of law that regulates the fabricant’s liability, will discuss the general rules of the chilean private law. In lack of treatment in a civil case law on the subject, as there are product liability judgments, will investigate whether through the consumer law would be possible to pursue fabricant’s product liability. The hypothesis of this work is that under article 23 of consumer law it is possible to reach the joint responsibility of the manufacturer and seller.
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Editorial
La cita al Digesto que muestra la distinción entre el derecho público y privado es frecuente en el medio académico: “Dos son las posiciones en este estudio: el público y el privado. Es Derecho Público el que respecta al estado de la República, privado el que respecta a la utilidad de los particulares, pues hay cosas de utilidad pública y otras de utilidad privada”.
Sin embargo, por distintas razones –sean jurídicas, económicas, políticas o sociales– la clásica y antigua distinción ha entrado en crisis. Ya sucedió a inicios del siglo xix con el derecho del trabajo. Más adelante, en el siglo xx, el mundo fue testigo de la importancia y la necesidad de resguardar los derechos humanos, tanto en las relaciones respecto del Estado como en todas sus demás manifestaciones. Incluso, más recientemente, el explosivo aumento de fenómenos como el consumo o las nuevas tecnologías de información, han requerido de legislaciones especiales, en las que el ente estatal termina interviniendo ciertas relaciones que, tradicionalmente, eran concebidas como un reducto privado. [...]